![]() ![]() Section 8 makes the point that to support environmentally sustainable, nutritional, safe and inclusive food systems, countries should pursue trade agreements that reinforce these non-market values. 7, showing how small-scale farmers can be supported to participate in competitive value chains. The role of standards in international trade is highlighted in Sect. Section 6 discusses trade-compliant policies that are crucial in this regard. Another strategy to external shocks on food markets is to strengthen competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector. Section 5 points at diversification of production and markets as strategy for low-income food deficit countries to build resilience to external shocks. 4 showing the increased food import dependency of low-income countries. 3 presents some global trends in and drivers of international trade, followed by Sect. 2, the benefits and potential trade-offs of trade are discussed. ![]() This article uses a food system approach (Béné et al., 2019 HLPE, 2017 Ingram, 2011) to analyse implications of trade in agricultural and food products for food system outcomes, and brings forward several suggestions for trade-related policies and investments to counter potential trade-offs among social, economic and environmental objectives aiming at achieving SDGs. In addition, to support environmentally sustainable, nutritional, safe and inclusive food systems, countries should jointly pursue trade agreements that reinforce non-market values, such as food safety, environmental quality or nutritional content, as well as decent labour conditions. This paper argues that with trade-compliant domestic policies that support sustainable and inclusive value chains, low-income food deficit countries can strengthen the competitiveness of their food and agricultural sector and enhance national food security. Janssens et al., 2020 Balogh & Jambor, 2020). Moreover, trade can exacerbate environmental challenges associated with food production, land use and climate change (Bellmann et al., 2019 Brown et al., 2017 Balogh & Jambor, 2020), although international trade may also be used to balance regional differences in climate change impacts, water availability and biodiversity, and is increasingly regarded as a potential adaptation mechanism (e.g. The recent global spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and its disruptive consequences for food security has illustrated again how vulnerable internationally connected food value chains can be (IFPRI, 2020). The latter requires collective international action.Īll countries import food, but trade does not automatically enhance food security for all – particularly for the most vulnerable populations in developing countries (IPES Food, 2017 OECD, 2019a, b IISD, 2019). This article argues that, for trade to drive inclusive and sustainable growth of nutritious food production in food deficit low-income countries, policies and investments in these countries must focus on three key priorities: 1) diversifying production and markets to increase resilience to external shocks 2) enhancing competitiveness and improving market access for local farmers and SMEs, and 3) incorporating externalities in international trade. Moreover, whereas international trade may also be used to balance regional differences in climate change impacts and biodiversity, trade can exacerbate environmental challenges associated with food production, land use and climate change. ![]() Positive trade effects on food security are not always self-evident in food deficit low-income countries. Recent decades have seen food markets and value chains become increasingly global-a trend that creates challenges as well as opportunities for food systems. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Note: For overseas pharmacy, see page 106. Non-Preferred Retail Pharmacies: There are no benefits for drugs or supplies purchased at Non-preferred retail pharmacies. See the following paragraphs for claim filing instructions. You did not obtain prior approval when required (see page 21).You do not use your valid ID card at the time of purchase or.Note: Even if you use Preferred retail pharmacies, you will have to file a paper claim form to obtain reimbursement if: You pay the applicable coinsurance or copayment. We reimburse them for your covered drugs and supplies. Preferred retail pharmacies file your claims for you. To find a Preferred retail pharmacy, visit If you use a Preferred retail pharmacy that offers online ordering, have your ID card ready to complete your purchase. Preferred Retail Pharmacies – When you use Preferred retail pharmacies, show your ID card. ![]() If you do not agree with our initial decision, you may ask us to review it by following the disputed claims process detailed in Section 8 of this brochure. If we need an extension because we have not received necessary information (e.g., medical records) from you, our notice will describe the specific information required and we will allow you up to 60 days from the receipt of the notice to provide the information. Our notice will include the circumstances underlying the request for the extension and the date when a decision is expected. If matters beyond our control require an extension of time, we may take up to an additional 15 days for review and we will notify you before the expiration of the original 30-day period. We will notify you of our decision within 30 days after we receive your post-service claim. (See pages 95- 97 for information on how to obtain benefits from the Retail Pharmacy Program and the Specialty Drug Pharmacy Program.) We may request updated treatment plans as your treatment progresses.Ĭlaims for prescription drugs and supplies that are not received from the Retail Pharmacy Program must include receipts that show the prescription number, name of drug or supply, prescribing provider’s name, date, and charge. Claims for dental care to repair accidental injury to sound natural teeth should include documentation of the condition of your teeth before the accidental injury, documentation of the injury from your provider(s), and a treatment plan for your dental care.If your claim is for the rental or purchase of durable medical equipment, home nursing care, or physical, occupational, speech, or cognitive rehabilitation therapy, you must provide a written statement from the provider specifying the medical necessity for the service or supply and the length of time needed.Bills for home nursing care must show that the nurse is a registered or licensed practical nurse.If another health plan is your primary payor, you must send a copy of the explanation of benefits (EOB) form you received from your primary payor (such as the Medicare Summary Notice (MSN)) with your claim.Note: Canceled checks, cash register receipts, balance due statements, or bills you prepare yourself are not acceptable substitutes for itemized bills. Dates that services or supplies were furnished.Name and address of person or company providing the service or supply. ![]()
![]() ![]() I was able to get there in just an hour or two with absolutely no tears!Ĭute picture of me with my youngest, but the lighting is so bad. I set an initial goal of paring down the picture collection to 12,000. The real overwhelm came from fear of losing the digital photos in case the computer’s hard drive died. I was sifting through tons of photos looking for the right ones.Īnd my computer was a bit laggy due to the number of pictures in the photo editing program I was using. It was taking me longer to actually scrapbook. The number was growing rapidly every year and was becoming overwhelming for me really quickly. Luckily, this was a digital problem instead of a physical problem, so the photos weren’t actually in my way.īeing overwhelmed with physical pictures is an issue for so many people, and I’ll cover how to organize printed photographs in a future post.Ī few years ago, I realized that I had amassed over 15,000 photos! The ability to take a whole bunch of photos was great – I like to think that I never missed a shot!īut a problem soon developed: A huge glut of photos that I didn’t know what to do with! The curiosity turned into a full blown hobby and especially before I had my kids, it was a great creative outlet.Īlong with a slight sticker obsession, came a photo obsession.Īnd that obsession only got worse after I had my first child and even worse after we got a DLSR camera.Īnd then worse yet after I got my first smart phone! It started with a curious fascination with the sticker aisle at Pat Catan’s (a local craft store with an ENTIRE aisle of nothing but stickers – CRAZY!). I’ve been scrapbooking for the past 13 years or so. In today’s post, I’m going to focus on the last two hats I rattled off: Photographer and Scrapbooker. Like all women, I wear many different hats: Mother, wife, gardener, entrepreneur, organizing guru, photographer, scrapbooker. If you have a digital camera, you’re likely in the same boat I was before I figured out *the best way* to get my collection under control! Now you can either go back to the start page, or you can open the Organiseme application in a new window.In today’s post, I’m going to teach you how to declutter digital photos. Then a new page will be loaded confirming that the task was successfully created in Organiseme. Once you have entered or selected all the data for the task you just need to push the Create Task From Mail button. Optionally you can set a due date for the task from the mini calendar that appears when you click in the due date field.įinally you can assign the task directly to one of your Organiseme's contacts by selecting the contacts name in the pop-up menu. Then you need to select one of your Organiseme task list's the task should be assigned to. Next you might change the priority from the default "Low" value by selecting the priority from the pop-up menu. ![]() Still the task description can be edited. The task description is already pre-populated with the mail's subject.
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Below, you’ll find our top recommendations. Especially on Google’s browser, it can be vital to hide your IP address. Regardless, it’s still possible to find a good free VPN for Chrome. Because the service is free, VPN companies can’t or won’t provide the same level of quality that you’d see with a paid VPN. Unfortunately, free VPNs almost always come with limitations. And since your IP address can be traced to your identity, this makes VPNs essential for maintaining your online privacy. ![]() Instead, they see a VPN-provided IP address. Our List of the Best Free VPNs for Chrome BrowserĪ virtual private network (VPN) reroutes your internet connection through an external server, so websites and apps don’t see your real IP address. To save you some time searching, however, we’re sharing our list of the best free Chrome VPNs available today. As long as you keep your eyes peeled for a VPN with stringent security features and a solid privacy policy, then you can safely surf the web at no cost. This doesn’t mean there are zero free and perfectly safe VPNs. Through our years of testing VPN services, we’ve come to realize that many free VPNs are bloated with malware, unwanted ads, and trackers. A solid, reliable free VPN for Chrome is difficult to find. ![]() ![]() Aurelia ROMAN EMPIRE 1601,1746 was born in and died in Y.Īurelia married Praetor Caius Julius III ROMAN EMPIRE 1601 in. in, , Rome, Italy at age 56, and was buried in, , Rome, Italy. in, , Rome, Italy, died on 15 March 44 B.C. Emperor Gaius Julius Caesar ROMAN EMPIRE was born in 100 B.C. in Pisa, Roma, Italy at age 40.ĭied suddenly "while putting on his shoes" at Pisa, 84 B.C.Ĭaius married Aurelia ROMAN EMPIRE 1601 in. ![]() Praetor Caius Julius III ROMAN EMPIRE,1601,1746 son of Caius Julius II ROMAN EMPIRE and Marcia ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in 124 B.C. Julia married Marcus Atius Balbus ROMAN EMPIRE 1601 in 98 BC,, Roma, Italy. Octavius, her grandson, delivered the eulogy at her funeral, which was his first public appearance as Emperor. Julia ROMAN EMPIRE,1746 daughter of Praetor Caius Julius III ROMAN EMPIRE and Aurelia ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in 83 B.C. Marcus married Julia ROMAN EMPIRE in 98 BC,, Roma, Italy. Marcus Atius Balbus ROMAN EMPIRE 1601,1746 was born in 148 B.C. Atia Balbus ROMAN EMPIRE,1601,1746 daughter of Marcus Atius Balbus ROMAN EMPIRE and Julia ROMAN EMPIRE, was born in, , Roma, Italy and died in 43 B.C.Ħ7481222144880942. ![]() ![]() Notes about Atia Balba Caesonia "Atia Balba Secunda" Niece of THE Julius Caesarģ3740611072440471. ![]() ![]() If they had shared their decision to pursue surgery, they are more likely to hear questions about the surgery itself and whether they “should” be eating certain foods. If they kept it private, they are more likely to hear questions about how they lost weight and concerns about whether they are eating enough. Other social reactions depend on whether they had been open beforehand about their decision to pursue surgery. ![]() The patient might have to field questions about how much weight they lost, what they weighed before, and other questions they may not want to answer, especially if they are embarrassed that they had to “resort” to surgery to lose weight. It’s very common for patients to be asked invasive questions after they lose weight. The short-term improvement in metabolic effects may be related to markedly reduced caloric intake and hepatic insulin sensitivity.”īut this weight loss can invite a lot of unwanted attention from family and friends and acquaintances of the patient, according to Kasey Goodpaster, PhD, a psychologist in the Bariatric & Metabolic Institute at Cleveland Clinic. “But any interval of diabetes remission is good since it will provide a longer interval of the potential to avoid complications related to T2DM. Rothberg, MD, PhD, associate professor of internal medicine in the Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes (MEND) and director of the MEND Investigational Weight Management Clinic at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. “Bariatric surgery is highly effective and although there is weight regain, the weight loss associated with bariatric surgery still surpasses weight loss with other conventional methods and the weight regain that is reported is usually 10% to 15% (although we see more weight recidivism post sleeve and it’s occurring earlier on post-surgery),” says Amy E. And that’s not to mention the weight loss itself. The surgery can help resolve hypertension and let patients discontinue the medications they take for high blood pressure. Bariatric surgery can even mean remission of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. People with obesity are at a higher risk for several comorbid conditions, including diabetes and heart disease, and the short-term benefits of bariatric surgery are marked improvements in these conditions. And while most obesity experts are aware of what’s at stake for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, it’s important to keep in mind the physical and psychological toll these surgeries can have on these patients. This again points to the continuing obesity epidemic in the U.S., and while most experts say more people are becoming obese because of increased calorie intake and increasingly sedentary lifestyles, obesity is a physiological disease, and it’s often more complicated to control than “eat less and move more.” Lifestyle changes remain the first line of treatment, but for many patients, bariatric surgery is the most effective for long-term weight loss.īut weight loss surgeries – Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (most centers no longer perform laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding because it’s not as effective) – are procedures that carry both short-term and long-term effects, some of which can be harmful without proper treatment. One statistic in particular that raised eyebrows and grabbed headlines – the prevalence of obesity was as much as 35% or more in seven states (Alabama, Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoma, and West Virginia). ![]() Last month, the Centers for Disease Control released updated statistics on adult obesity in the U.S. Thorough psychological assessment before the surgery and careful follow-up post-surgery are necessary for bariatric patients.Physicians and patients should be aware of the physical and psychological side effects that can occur after bariatric surgery. ![]() Bariatric surgery is an effective tool for long-term weight loss in patients with obesity however, it is a major surgery that does carry with it some short- and long-term side effects.However, there are myriad side effects to be concerned about other than weight regain that range from addiction to possible suicide risk. As new statistics reveal an alarming rate of obesity in the U.S., more and more people are opting for weight loss surgery to combat this disease. ![]() ![]() ![]() You can also set timers between 15/30/60/90/120 minutes to control how long you listen to your device. ![]() Intelligent Timer & Volume Controls: Our sound machine alarm clock includes 31 volume adjustment levels to help you effectively block out outside noise.The white noise machine is suitable for infants, toddler, and adults alike. 20 Soothing Sounds: Sound machine alarm clock included all different kinds of white noise, fan and nature sounds, and even lullabies to help you relax and fall into an even deeper sleep.Our alarm clock with white noise is made with a full touch screen control panel to make operating easier, you can even activate snooze mode with simple gestures. 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